Navigating standardized testing can feel overwhelming for both students and parents. With evolving test formats, changing college policies, and a flood of conflicting advice, it’s no surprise you might have questions.
Below are clear, honest answers to the most common questions we hear about the SAT and ACT, along with a few you may not have thought to ask, but should.
- How do I know which test—ACT or SAT—my child should take?
The best way to decide is to take a diagnostic, or baseline, test for both exams. Some students naturally perform better on one due to pacing, question style, or strengths in math vs. reading. We generally recommend taking baseline tests once a student has completed all (or at least most) of Algebra 2.
There’s no universal “better” test—only the better fit for your child.
- Do colleges prefer the SAT or ACT?
No. Colleges accept both tests equally and do not favor one over the other. Your goal should be to submit the stronger score.
- Do I have to take the Science section of the ACT?
No. The Science section is no longer required as part of the ACT, and most colleges do not consider the science score in admissions decisions. However, there are still a small number of schools that do require a science score. Because of this, it’s important to carefully review the testing requirements for every college your child is considering.
If your child does not yet have a clear college list, it may be wise to take the Science section to keep all options open.
- What is superscoring, and does every college superscore?
Superscoring means a college takes your highest section scores across multiple test dates and combines them into a new, higher composite score.
Many colleges superscore, but not all. Always check each school’s policy.
- Should my child submit test scores or apply test-optional?
It is almost always a good idea for your child to attempt standardized testing. Competitive SAT or ACT scores can strengthen an application, open doors to more selective schools, and even lead to valuable merit scholarship opportunities.
That said, many excellent colleges now offer test-optional policies. If your child’s scores fall below the typical range for a given school, choosing not to submit them can be a smart strategy.
In most cases, the decision to apply test-optional should be made after your child has taken an official test and seen their results—not before. This ensures you’re making an informed choice based on real data, rather than limiting opportunities prematurely.
- Can I use funds from a 529 plan to pay for test prep?
Yes. Recent changes have made this much more accessible for families. In July 2025, Congress passed new tax legislation that expanded the use of 529 plans. Parents can now withdraw funds tax-free to cover tutoring, standardized test prep, and even educational therapy for K–12 students.
For many families, this can translate to a 25% or more reduction in the cost of tutoring or test prep, depending on their tax situation. As always, it’s a good idea to confirm details with your financial advisor or 529 plan provider to understand how these changes apply to your specific situation.
- When should we start test prep?
Ideally, students should begin test prep 2–3 months before their first official test. This provides enough time to build skills, learn strategies, and gain confidence without feeling rushed.
It’s also important to remember that most students will take the SAT or ACT more than once. Because of this, prep should be viewed as a process over time, not a one-time push.
While starting early can be helpful, starting too early can lead to burnout, especially if a student hasn’t yet completed the academic coursework that appears on the test. The goal is to find a balance: begin early enough to prepare effectively, but not so early that your child becomes fatigued or disengaged before test day even arrives.
- Does test prep help, and how much can scores realistically improve?
Yes. Test prep can make a significant difference. With the right approach, students become more familiar with the test, improve timing, and learn strategies that lead to higher scores.
Based on our experience working with students at Milestone, most see meaningful improvement over time. On average, students improve 200–250 points on the SAT and 6–8 points on the ACT across 2–3 official test attempts.
The key is consistent, targeted preparation combined with a thoughtful testing plan.
- When should my child take their first SAT or ACT?
Most students take their first official SAT or ACT in junior year, with the option to test early in senior year if needed. The exact timeline often depends on where your child is in their math coursework, since certain topics (like Algebra II or trigonometry) appear on the tests.
Other factors can also influence scheduling, including sports, jobs, and other exams such as AP, IB, or AICE. Planning around these commitments helps ensure your child can prepare effectively without becoming overwhelmed.
- What are the primary differences between the SAT and ACT?
While both the SAT and ACT are designed to measure college readiness, they differ in a few key ways that can impact which test is the best fit for your child:
- Pacing & Question Style: The ACT is faster-paced, with more questions per minute, rewarding students who can work quickly and confidently. The SAT allows a slightly slower pace, giving students a bit more time to reason through problems.
- Math Content: The SAT focuses more on algebra, data analysis, and problem-solving, while the ACT includes a broader range of topics, such as geometry and trigonometry, plus some additional word problems. Students stronger in advanced math may prefer the ACT, while those who excel in algebra and reasoning might favor the SAT.
- Scoring: The SAT is scored on a 400–1600 scale, combining Evidence-Based Reading & Writing and Math. The ACT uses a 1–36 composite score, which averages three sections: English, Math, Reading. If your child takes the science section, it is not included in the average for the composite score. Understanding the scoring scales can help families interpret progress and set goals.
- Science: The ACT has an optional Science section, which tests data interpretation and critical thinking rather than specific science knowledge. The SAT does not have a dedicated science section.
Standardized testing doesn’t have to be confusing or stressful—but it does require a plan. The key is to:
- Start early enough to allow for growth
- Choose the right test for your student
- Prep with intention, not guesswork
With the right strategy, students can walk into test day confident and prepared—and that makes all the difference.
